Top 10 Things to Do in Varanasi: A Journey through Time-Culture and Spirituality

Varanasi, also known as Banaras or Kashi, is one of the oldest cities in the world. Nestled on the banks of the sacred River Ganges in northern India, this city holds an unrivaled place in the hearts of pilgrims, seekers, and travelers alike. The chaotic energy of its winding lanes, the mesmerizing ghats (steps leading to the river), and the deep spiritual essence make Varanasi a must-visit destination. Here are the top ten things to do in Varanasi that will immerse you in its unique culture, history, and spirituality.

1. Witness the Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat

The Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat is a spiritual spectacle you cannot miss. As the sun sets, priests clad in saffron robes perform a synchronized ritual offering to the Ganges River, chanting Vedic hymns and lighting large lamps. The sight of thousands of lamps floating on the water, accompanied by rhythmic bells and the fragrance of incense, creates an unforgettable ambiance. This sacred ceremony is a daily homage to the river that sustains life in Varanasi and is believed to cleanse the souls of those who witness it.

2. Explore the Narrow Alleys of Old Varanasi

Varanasi’s narrow lanes are alive with energy, tradition, and a sense of timelessness. Walking through these labyrinthine alleys, you’ll encounter ancient temples, hidden shrines, vibrant markets, and the occasional sacred cow. These winding streets tell stories of a city that has stood for thousands of years, with countless cultures and traditions layered one upon the other. The shops here sell everything from silk saris to spices, and the street food stalls serve some of the most authentic Indian snacks you’ll ever taste, like kachori and jalebi.

3. Take a Sunrise Boat Ride on the Ganges

A sunrise boat ride on the Ganges is an ethereal experience. As the first rays of sunlight bathe the city in gold, you’ll glide past the ghats where people perform their morning rituals—prayers, meditations, and holy dips. The view of temples silhouetted against the morning sky, the serene sound of the river, and the sight of life beginning anew on the banks create a moment of serenity amidst the chaos of Varanasi. This boat ride also offers a unique vantage point to observe the city’s life from the river.

4. Visit the Kashi Vishwanath Temple

The Kashi Vishwanath Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, is one of the most important and revered temples in India. Millions of pilgrims visit this temple every year to seek the blessings of the presiding deity, Vishwanath (the ruler of the universe). The temple has been a significant place of worship for centuries, and its intricate gold-plated spire is a sight to behold. Although security is tight, and the temple can get crowded, the spiritual atmosphere is palpable and deeply moving.

5. Experience Sarnath: The Birthplace of Buddhism

Located just 10 kilometers from Varanasi, Sarnath is where Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon after attaining enlightenment. This ancient site is a peaceful retreat from the busy streets of Varanasi. The Dhamek Stupa, a massive stone structure, marks the spot where Buddha preached, and the nearby ruins, temples, and museum offer insight into the early history of Buddhism. Sarnath is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a spiritual hub for Buddhists from all over the world.

6. Attend a Classical Music or Dance Performance

Varanasi has been a center for classical music and dance for centuries, and you’ll find performances happening almost every night. The city is home to legendary musicians like Ravi Shankar and offers plenty of opportunities to experience live Hindustani classical music or Kathak dance. Venues like the International Music Centre Ashram and Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple regularly host concerts and festivals. The deep, meditative tones of sitar and tabla, combined with the spiritual atmosphere, make for an unforgettable cultural experience.

7. Explore the Ramnagar Fort and Museum

Situated on the eastern bank of the Ganges, Ramnagar Fort was once the seat of the Maharaja of Banaras. The fort’s architecture is a blend of Mughal and Indian styles, and although parts of it are now in disrepair, it still offers a glimpse into the royal history of the region. The museum inside the fort houses a collection of vintage cars, royal costumes, weapons, and ancient manuscripts. Visit the fort in the evening to watch the sunset over the Ganges—an excellent way to end a day of exploring.

8. Take a Tour of Banaras Hindu University (BHU)

Banaras Hindu University (BHU) is one of the largest residential universities in Asia and a major academic and cultural hub. The sprawling campus is home to the Bharat Kala Bhavan Museum, which houses an extensive collection of Indian art, including miniature paintings, sculptures, and textiles. The university’s tranquil grounds, lined with trees and historical buildings, provide a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of the city. The Vishwanath Temple, located within the campus, is also worth visiting.

9. Visit the Manikarnika Ghat

Manikarnika Ghat is one of the oldest and most sacred ghats in Varanasi, where cremation ceremonies are performed throughout the day and night. According to Hindu belief, dying in Varanasi and being cremated on the banks of the Ganges can break the cycle of rebirth and grant moksha (liberation from the cycle of life and death). While visiting Manikarnika Ghat can be intense, it offers a profound perspective on the Hindu approach to life and death. Observing the rituals here can be a deeply reflective and spiritual experience.

10. Indulge in Banarasi Street Food

Varanasi’s street food is legendary, and no visit to the city is complete without tasting its culinary delights. Try the famous Banarasi paan (a betel leaf filled with areca nut and other ingredients), which is a sweet and flavorful after-meal treat. The city is also known for its chaats, including tamatar chaat and palak chaat, both bursting with flavor and texture. Don’t miss the kachori-sabzi for breakfast, or the malaiyo, a seasonal frothy dessert made from milk and saffron, which is light yet indulgent.